Is It a Strain or a Sprain? How to Tell and What to Do
What Is a Sprain?
A sprain occurs when the ligaments—the tough bands of tissue that connect bones to each other at joints—are stretched or torn. Sprains often happen in areas like the ankles, knees, or wrists due to sudden twists, falls, or impacts.
Symptoms of a Sprain:
Pain around the affected joint
Swelling and bruising
Reduced range of motion
A popping sensation at the time of injury (in severe cases)
Common Causes:
Rolling your ankle during a run or game
Falling and landing on an outstretched hand
Sudden changes in direction while playing sports
What Is a Strain?
A strain, on the other hand, affects muscles or tendons—the fibers that connect muscles to bones. Strains are often caused by overstretching or tearing the tissue, typically in the back, hamstrings, or shoulders.
Symptoms of a Strain:
Muscle pain and tenderness
Swelling or cramping
Limited movement in the affected area
Muscle weakness or a knotted feeling
Common Causes:
Lifting something too heavy
Overusing a muscle during repetitive motions
Sudden movements, such as jumping or sprinting
How to Tell the Difference
While both injuries share some symptoms, key differences can help you identify what you’re dealing with:
Sprain:
Affected Area: Ligaments (joints)
Pain Location: Around a joint
Common Sign: Swelling and bruising
Cause: Twisting or impact at a joint
Strain:
Affected Area: Muscles or tendons
Pain Location: In the muscle or tendon
Common Sign: Muscle cramping or spasms
Cause; Overstretching or overuse of muscle
What to Do: First Aid for Sprains and Strains
The treatment for both injuries starts with the R.I.C.E. method:
Rest: Avoid using the injured area to prevent further damage.
Ice: Apply a cold pack for 15-20 minutes every few hours to reduce swelling.
Compression: Wrap the area with an elastic bandage to support the injury and limit swelling.
Elevation: Keep the injured area raised above heart level to reduce fluid buildup.
